Meat Culture

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white))Oh no, you accidentally clicked it! Yes, so you have messed up greatly in the building of it. You seem to have accidentally put no limit to the length of time, which is very unfortunate because at this very moment you are being transported into some unknown dimension! You press the button quickly after this realization, but it is too late, you have no idea when and where you are. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media0.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExeGlmbGNhYWd2NmdkemxyZXQ5NXhua2F1a3VjZXhtdHlrZmdwaHEyaiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/OlJl2gVKCJ41hVz7ys/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The inside of your time machine] You carefully open up the insides of your time machine to look at the coding. Ahh yes, you seem to realize that you have to spend ''four years'' in the current destination before the time machine can work again and bring you back to the future. And you also realize that if you die at any point during the time travel process, you will return to this very spot over and over again, so it is best to be careful. Unfortunately, you realize that to return home, you have to use the time machine ''three times'' in order to ensure the massive amounts of energy doesn’t explode your creation. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[You decide, in order to cope with this strange situation, you will find meaning in this journey by exploring American meat culture, a long-lived passion of yours. You want to explore the connection between the meat industry and meat customs of society and see how that defines American culture. Good luck on your journey, may you find meaning in your learning! [[Let's begin!]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Yes, so you have messed up greatly in the building of it. You accidentally put no limit to the length of time, meaning you are going beyond five seconds! You press the button quickly after this realization, but it is too late, you have no idea when and where you are. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media0.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExeGlmbGNhYWd2NmdkemxyZXQ5NXhua2F1a3VjZXhtdHlrZmdwaHEyaiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/OlJl2gVKCJ41hVz7ys/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The inside of the time machine] You open your time machine to look at the coding. Ahh yes, you seem to realize that you have to spend ''four years'' in the current destination before the time machine can work again and bring you back to the future. And you also realize that if you die at any point during the time travel process, you will return to this very spot over and over again, so it is best to be careful. Unfortunately, you realize that to return home, you have to use the time machine ''three times'' in order to ensure the massive amounts of energy doesn’t explode your creation. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[You decide, in order to cope with this strange situation, you will find meaning in this journey by exploring American meat culture, a long-lived passion of yours. You want to explore the connection between the meat industry and meat customs of society and see how that defines American culture. Good luck on your journey, may you find meaning in your learning! [ [[Let's begin!]]]]

(align:"=><=")[(text-colour:black)[(text-style:"bold","italic","emboss","expand","tall","buoy")[Contextualization of Meat Culture ]]](enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (text-colour:black)[Hello and welcome, you have transported yourself to 1750 Pennsylvania. During this time, colonists have already begun building towns, setting laws, and importing masses of cattle and hogs in order to have the meat they missed back home. The beginnings of American meat culture are beginning to form. More importantly, this is interfering with the land and lives of Native Americans, whose communities are being dwhile more colonists settle in, using the grasslands as homes for their animals. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[Which one will you be exploring? [ [[A landscape with a large Hemlock tree]] [[An abandoned gothic church]] [[A shed-house with strawberry fields]]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/d2/32/6d/d2326db84b31877f91819fce691b54c6.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The Hemlock trees!!] You’re making your way through this forest, walking what seems like miles and miles. You encounter members of the Susquehannock tribe, and after a couple of months you make friends with a couple of people around your age. You eventually figure out how they collect their meals. As they are located right by the river, they rely mainly on fishing fish like shags or sturgeons. They use traps and weirs! They are also reliant on farming as the floodplains make it easy to grow food: corn, beans, pumpkins. Delicious! The summer has gone by so quickly! Now that the cold is settling, you no longer can rely on farming and fishing. You hear that deer, bear, and elk are plentiful in this area, but seeing as you have no idea how to hunt, you are scared. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[Do you…[ [[Join a group of hunters and learn from them!!]] [[Wait for the hunters to return and spend time preserving crops!!]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/96/e8/50/96e850fd0a9760ca52590f938f22757a.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The gothic church!!] You walk up the cobblestone path leading up to a shabby, elegant church. You open the door and while expecting to see a place to rest, you see a town hall meeting. Naturally, you are curious on the issue so you listen closely and you hear the mayor say, “Right, there have been unholy disputes between our neighbors, my-name-is-so-and-so claiming that so-and-so has stolen their newly imported hogs. Let me remind you, we cannot let our close-knit communities be ruined by people stealing loose pigs and cows. Please fence in your animals.” You hear from the gossip that stealing other people’s livestock is quite common because farmers are too busy doing anything else that they have not built fences to keep their animals in. People mix up their animals all the time! You are also in need of some money, seeing as you have no place to live or anything. You decide since you are hungry, you will become a farmer and start small. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white) [Do you want to steal some of the abundant livestock? [ [[Yes!!]] [[No!!]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/c7/62/8b/c7628bdec9018cfc95be9741356ed5b1.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The shed house and strawberry fields!!] Walking to the pink house takes maybe two minutes, but it is the knocking that takes a while. On top of that, the summer sun is kind of blinding you and burning you. You are too desperate for anybody to tell you what is going on, so you open the door and find a little wooden kitchen. You see a mess of pots and pans! There are no people. You start digging around their stuff (so impolite!) and find some daggers and stakes and bow and arrows. You decide that it is time to go hunting, even though you are very unskilled. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[Do you ….[ [[Hunt down cattle so the meat lasts you longer.]] [[Hunt down a squirrel because they are there. ]] [[Hunt down a baby hog because you like pork. ]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) It is important to stay true to your morals! Because livestock require money to buy, you have to start your farm by growing crops yourself. You find some seeds on the ground and miraculously, they grow! Brilliant. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media1.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExdGF4YXh2YTl5MWYwOGFldXI0eWQ3c2k1dWF6bXZsZ24wZ2RhZXd3dSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/rBCLfk7igVt3YLgpMD/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: You are in your farm with your plants and animals] But it is exhausting being out in the sun all day and shoveling dirt for food that will take ages to grow and sell. Starting from the very bottom without any assurance. Not having your own access to meat starts taking a toll on your physical well-being. Eventually, the seeds form some vegetables that you can sell on the town market, and the first thing you do is buy two cattles. From there on, your farm grows slowly and slowly. But, you have access to meat! With the money eventually earned from owning animals and selling them, you now have the pleasure of being able to buy your own meat from a butcher’s shop in the local town square, saving you the trouble of doing it yourself. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[ Go to the second stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) This is a very good idea! Because livestock is expensive and you have nothing, it is a very easy way to start your own farm. You take some cattle, some hogs, some goats, and after hearing about the dangers of livestock-theft, you build a makeshift fence for your little animals in some abandoned area! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media1.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExdGF4YXh2YTl5MWYwOGFldXI0eWQ3c2k1dWF6bXZsZ24wZ2RhZXd3dSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/rBCLfk7igVt3YLgpMD/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: You are in your farm with your animals and plants] The meat industry at this time is very ludicrous. Most people are farmers, but not everyone owns a lot of livestock, like cattle, sheep, swine, pigs, and goats. The more animals you have, the wealthier you are and the more financially stable you are! It is a lot easier to take care of animals than thousands of other crops. Because you have the money, once the land becomes overgrazed and the soil becomes exhausted, you can easily move your farm to another area. You will never go hungry again! While your neighbors may hate you because you took their beloved animals, you have managed to survive these four years. With the money earned from owning animals and selling them, you now have the pleasure of being able to buy your own meat from a butcher’s shop in the local town square, saving you the trouble of doing it yourself. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white) [[Go to the second stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://www.mediastorehouse.com/p/690/susquehannock-warrior-map-virginia-23222444.jpg.webp">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A Susquehannock man with a bow and arrow] Good idea! You have now learned how to use the bow and arrow to near sophistication! You are able to hunt even the biggest of bears all with the help of your friends. You are able to use the skin of bears as a layer of insulation during the winter, allowing you to be fully prepared for the spring. Winter has gone by so quickly! During the early days of spring, herds of cattle have begun infiltrating your crops, destroying your entire food supply. In addition, you have begun seeing colonists setting up houses in the places where the Susquehannock live and hunt. Disease has become rampant, killing lots of the people you have lived with, including the most proficient hunters. This loss of land has ruined the farming system that has been present for centuries. The disease has dwindled the population to a mere 1600 people. However, the Susquehannock survived the longest they could, despite the harsh conditions, due to hunting local forest animals and constantly relocating. As you know how to hunt, you are able to survive without the farming system. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white) [[Go to the second stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://www.northwindprints.com/p/473/american-buffalo-5878457.jpg.webp">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Buffalo in the area, unfortunately when the colonists arrived with foreign plants/animals, the species became greatly endangered] While you didn’t risk getting killed by large bears and buffalo, because you were not hunting, less meat was available to everyone else. You did however help cook the meat which is very much appreciated. Winter has gone by so quickly! During the early days of spring, herds of cattle have begun infiltrating your crops, destroying your entire food supply. In addition, you have begun seeing colonists setting up houses in the places where the Susquehannock live and hunt. Disease has become rampant, killing lots of the people you have lived with, including the most proficient hunters. This loss of land has ruined the farming system that has been present for centuries. The disease has dwindled the population to a mere 1600 people. However, the Susquehannock survived the longest they could, despite the harsh conditions, due to hunting local forest animals and constantly relocating. As you don’t know how to hunt, you are NOT able to survive without the farming system. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[ Return to the beginning]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://normandegenetics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Cotentine-vache-CR-Rouen-1855.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A cattle] So, somehow you managed to hunt down a very large cattle. Impressive! You have enough meat supply for a very long time! You cook chunks of meat in the fire you started. It has kept you full and sane. You decide to dry it out outside to stop it from spoiling. The next day, you eat some more meat for breakfast, and it's delicious again! You spend around two weeks eating this particular cow, but you will DIE from this! Because cattle are large and because it is summertime, the meat spoils significantly faster. Beef takes forever to be preserved and there was not enough preparation to protect it from the sun by just drying it out. On top of that, you are not accustomed to this issue because you have a refrigerator back home. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[ Return to the beginning]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/b/big-hog-farm-animal-monochrome-engraving-vintage-illustration-white-background-retro-design-classic-art-detailed-graphic-big-342824953.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Little baby hog] So, somehow you managed to hunt down a baby hog. You don't need to hear the details. You have enough meat supply for a few days! You cook chunks of meat in the fire you started. It has kept you full and sane. You decide to dry it out to stop it from spoiling and after add oil and fat you found laying around to preserve it. The next day, you eat some more meat for breakfast, and it is delicious! Your body is used to it and pork is the best meat for the summer time because it is the easiest to preserve in small quantities. Congratulations, now you have a house and know the best meat to eat for the hardest season to survive! (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[ Go to the second stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2542/4237695530_810f895e7f_z.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A squirrel] You take a bow and arrow and hunt down a little squirrel. Because it is small it is easy to eat it before it spoils! It tastes nothing like you are used to, but you made the right choice. The next months pass by and you continue your rountine of eating squirrel. You even add some salt when you are feeling risky. However, you don't realize your body is just not used to squirrel meat, since you are not familiar with it you don’t know when it is fully cooked. Your stomach is a bit of a mess. Squirrels carry so many diseases, like Leptospirosis and Lyme disease, that your body is not used to. Unfortunately, you will DIE from this! (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Return to the beginning]]

(align:"=><=")[(text-colour:black)[(text-style:"bold","italic","emboss","expand","tall","buoy")[Meat Culture During the Industrial Revolution ]]](enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Welcome to the late 1800s. During your years of travel, a lot has changed, mainly due to the changes in technology, population, and urbanization. The rise of America’s population greatly changed the meat industry because small animal farms could not meet the ever-growing demand. This led to the growth of cattle ranching in the west and commercial meat from factories. As you will explore throughout this stage, the meat industry will change from individual farmers and butchers to big corporations, and will bring problems to a variety of people. But wait! You somehow have figured out a way to control the location of the time machine. The three places you want to visit the most are Culpeper (southern charm), Chicago (it’s Chicago!), and Nebraska City (beautiful nature). (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[Which city do you wish to land on? [[Culpeper, VA]] [[Chicago, IL]] [[Nebraska City, NE]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Welcome to Culpeper, Virginia, a very small, but charming town! Their farming land is severely limited due to the overgrazing of the soil over the past two centuries. This has led them to rely on the shipment of meat from big factories in the city. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media0.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExa2c1NGt3cWUzZjJsaDdhejBiN216dDAzaXZpcTNoYWJ5b3JsbG9iNSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/1nEyEKPwY4zplwfWmO/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Ian, Nina, and Jenny] You arrive at the front steps of a very small, broken down house. You knock three times, hearing the door creak, and this time the door opens: there is a father, Ian, age 33, who works in construction, a stay-at-home mother, Nina, age 25, who looks very exhausted, and a very frail 4 year old, Little Jenny. After explaining your situation, the confused family welcomes you because they are kind people, even though they don’t have much. They will allow you to sleep on the living room floor if you promise to work alongside the father in construction. You have catched them just in time for dinner, which for lower class people begins at noon. Their dinner consists of rice and vegetables. Your 100 year travel has left you hungry and wanting to eat meat. You, of course, in an ungrateful manner feel the need to eat meat and pester them about it. Do you ask them if you can have meat?(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[ [[Yes, even if I have shame.]] [[No, they are already letting me eat here for free.]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/1e/7b/49/1e7b49b1c25030e95a0fac39fb3cc17a.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The entrance to Packingtown] “Welcome to Chicago!” The sign says, the streets are filled with people walking here and there. The sky is gray, the air is dense, and yes you are smelling the smell of heavy manufacturing. The meat industry by this time has absolutely soared. Demands are so high due to a growing population that cattling in the west has become a massive industry. Meat is more available to everyone due to the Transcontinental Railroad being completed and the arrival of refrigerated cars. Small local meat companies dominated by local farmers slowly began being consumed by growing meat companies. Eventually, by the 1870s, the meat industry was owned by seven large companies that relied on factories to produce enough meat to feed all of America. This increased the prices of meat for people but made it more easily accessible. Chicago's Union Stock Yards is the largest of these powerhouse meat-factories. Seeing as you are starting over, have no money, and are in desperate need of food, you will apply to work for the Union Stock Yards in Packingtown, Chicago. It is the biggest meat factory in the United States, and it is always looking for new workers. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/06/1f/3e/061f3e8384dccf7a7399bf93812b44ac.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: People waiting in line to apply for a job at Packingtown] It does not take long before you realize you are in Packingtown. Millions of workers are occupied, going in and out of buildings. And the smell of meat and animal carcass is so pungent! You wait in the line for an interview. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Talk to the interviewer]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Welcome to Nebraska in 1902. You weren’t sure what to expect coming here, in your head it was fields and fields of green. The sight in front of you is a farmhouse with rose bushes and a swing. You knock twice on the door. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media1.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExYmdzaWVhMW80N2hpOGdzYTVkOHE2bDljb2Q3cmt5Y2huYjkwcWUwbCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/n6DtH9Lo32COB4T0Km/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The welcoming couple] A man and a woman answer the door. They are dressed in linen, are a little wrinkly, and are very happy to see another human being. You tell them your story and beg for a place to stay. They say that since they have space, why not! You are told to sleep on the velvet couch. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/6a/d5/7f/6ad57f4503338754f0eebeef343aa3d0.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The elegant interior of their house] The inside of their home is quite elegant, simple, yet warm. They tell you to wait for dinner, which begins at six and lasts two hours. As you wait, the man, Bill aged 57, tells you their life story. “Yes, me and my missus, we are from Mississippi. We’d heard about folks that would get money from the government if we took care of some 160 acres of land. So we thought, why not? We don’t have much going for us before then. We took a train to Nebraska and settled on this little farm. The thing nobody’ll tell you is that this place here is golden!” Bill said. He is of course referring to the Homestead Act of 1862, a grant that encouraged farmers to live out west and take care of a plot of land in return for money which increased the production of cattle and other livestock in the west, allowing for more meat to every area of the country. “Oh yes, it is! See, there are so many cattle and hogs in the area here and we have been able to sell them off to slaughterhouses in the outskirts of town! Not all farmers are this lucky, but our land is just that incredible.” The woman, Angelene aged 58 said, from the kitchen. “We have retired, have so much money, oh you can’t even imagine! We just stay home all day and eat the nicest of everything.” Now dinner is ready! (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[What are you waiting for? Come sit down at the table. ]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media2.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExYnF0ZmFtZXkyZ2pjMms5YXQ4ZHI0MGttcmE0cHNwZno1YmRseXl1ciZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/X4IfAOy9VqoZlvWPyJ/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The family sitting around the table for dinner] “Yes, it is a bit of a tragedy, there. Sorry, if we had the means we would all be eating meat! These big factories have left our farmers and local butchers poor because no one can compete with them. We don’t have that much local meat in the area because farms are scarce and all the farmers have been moving west.” - The Mother responds. “We used to be able to afford beef every now and then, but these past years has been really hard on us that we can’t even afford it anymore. Meat coming from Chicago increases the price for us. We’re so tired all the time now. Those prices, no thank you!” She continued. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/15/92/85/159285154492039e353e29317a893dc5.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: 19th century meat markets typically looked like this one here] The next couple of weeks you begin working with the father with the construction crew. It is super tiring, but you have managed to save $15! To surprise this very loving family, you decide to go to the local meat market and buy enough meat to last for a week. Say hello to the butcher, he's so happy to see a customer! You are greeted with a nice smile! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExa3Fra3BmeGZvMmVlZmZnaHY5eGl3bWFlbHV4dmRwcW9jMXViZDFhdiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/3f0Z5TqK4OWmoUh3L7/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The local butcher, Mr. Stipes] This meat market receives most of its meat from Packingtown, Chicago. The fees for transportation have made it more expensive than before, but it is a lot cheaper than the rare fresh meat from independent farms. What are you going to buy? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[2 pounds of pork]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[2 pounds of beef]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media2.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExYnF0ZmFtZXkyZ2pjMms5YXQ4ZHI0MGttcmE0cHNwZno1YmRseXl1ciZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/X4IfAOy9VqoZlvWPyJ/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The family sitting around the table for dinner] Despite you not asking, the conversation leads to this topic with the father complaining about how years ago, more people could eat meat, plenty of meat. But with the creation of big business controlling meat, creating the eventual downfall of independent farmers and butchers, prices have gone up, making it a delicacy for the working class. "You see my eyes? You see my arms? Tired. Tired as man can be! I work day and night, my wife works day and night, and we can't even get our bellies half-full. I try to save money for meat, but it's just not enough. It makes me so angry," the Father says. "Thank you for being so understanding, dear. We know this dinner lacks substance", the Mother replies. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/15/92/85/159285154492039e353e29317a893dc5.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: 19th century meat markets typically looked like this one here] The next couple of weeks you begin working with the father with the construction crew. It is super tiring, but you have managed to save $15! To surprise this very loving family, you decide to go to the local meat market and buy enough meat to last for a week. Say hello to the butcher, he's so happy to see a customer! You are greeted with a nice smile! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExa3Fra3BmeGZvMmVlZmZnaHY5eGl3bWFlbHV4dmRwcW9jMXViZDFhdiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/3f0Z5TqK4OWmoUh3L7/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The local butcher, Mr. Stipes] This meat market receives most of its meat from Packingtown, Chicago. The fees for transportation have made it more expensive than before, but it is a lot cheaper than the rare fresh meat from independent farms. What are you going to buy?" (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[2 pounds of pork]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[2 pounds of beef]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) The butcher hands you two pounds of delicious beef. You are so thankful and eager to see the family’s faces when they see this meat! You learn that beef is currently the most common meat available as there are abundant cattles in the West and is therefore the cheapest meat available. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExa3Fra3BmeGZvMmVlZmZnaHY5eGl3bWFlbHV4dmRwcW9jMXViZDFhdiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/3f0Z5TqK4OWmoUh3L7/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The town's local butcher, Mr. Stipes "See you next time," the Butcher tells you!] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/31/c6/60/31c660d3c6d55687a580462ea2ef053b.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A cast iron oven, found in most households at this time] You begin cooking a bit of the meat over the cast iron oven, placing coals to create a fire. The beef turns out delicious! You serve it alongside rice, corn, and a loaf of bread. During tea-time (you learn that is the word for dinner), the entire family is happy and you can tell their energies have gone up! You spend your extra money buying meat weekly. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/8a/55/d9/8a55d9ac10548ec038c2c66f09039e05.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Upton Sinclair's //The Jungle//, a novel exposing working conditions at Packingtown, causing uproar across the nation that eventually lead to federal regulations on meat] And then two years later, muckraker Upton Sinclair’s novel //The Jungle// is published and the talk of the town is about how disgusting the packaged meat from Packingtown is: they’re selling spoiled meat, rat feces are combined in some processed meat, and unknown chemicals are sprayed. The entire country is in full outrage. Do you continue buying meat for the family?(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[ [[Yes, we need meat to survive and we've already been eating this meat!]] [[No, I don't feel comfortable!]] [[Yes, but only from a local farmer's market even if it is more expensive.]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExYWxza20ycXFwb29rNTRjdm1ibDl0bTU4ODZ5aTEwMHh3eHF2bnQ4OCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/GhUn6Z9PbQv3mhXMVS/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The town's local butcher, Mr. Stipes] This is a bit too expensive for you! Pork is the most expensive meat, being $9 per pound. However, if you ask for meat with bones still inside or offal cuts (organ meats), it is cheaper. Do you want to buy beef instead? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Sure, why not!]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[I’ll stick with the pork!]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Even though it is disgusting to realize how gross the meat you’ve been devouring is, not eating meat at all will greatly decrease the already poor health of the family. The next few years, the family rarely eats meat, meaning the spirits of everyone fall down because they are overworked and lack nutrition. This will also take a toll on you, leading to your very DEATH. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://www.northwindprints.com/image/473/5882775/5882775_600_600_86572_0_fill_0_a1e5c378cc6a3966a089e10d32acafe2.jpg.webpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A political cartoon about the Packingtown meat crisis] In 1906, the Federal Food and Drug Administration passes the Pure Food and Drug Act after public outroar surged, making meat more safe for everyone. However, it was passed too late, being particularly damagining to the working class people that depended on this poisoned meat. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[ Return to the beginning]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Good idea, it is important to eat protein especially for a family under a lot of stress and with a demanding job! Even if it is contaminated, it is better than no meat. For the remainder of your time, you continue buying meat as before, being sure to cook it well to get rid of any bacteria. Living takes energy, so when there is meat everyone’s spirits go up! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://www.northwindprints.com/image/473/5882775/5882775_600_600_86572_0_fill_0_a1e5c378cc6a3966a089e10d32acafe2.jpg.webp">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A political cartoon about the Packingtown meat crisis] But wait, the Federal Food and Drug Administration passes the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906, making processed meat more safe for the public, calming the fears of your family. It is still incredibly frustrating to know that a necessity such as clean food is denied to the working class that has no choice than to buy this meat. You are sad to say good-bye to the family when the four years have passed, you went through so much together! Little Jenny is crying at your arms. You feel guilty leaving your family, but you know you belong back home. Onto the next journey! (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Go to the third and final stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Unfortunately, your household cannot afford this. Local meat is rare, so it is incredibly overpriced. The rich people are able to not deal with this meat crisis, but unfortunately the only choice of meat is the processed meat from the factories. So, you suck it up and continue shopping from the factories and every now and then getting fresh, local meat. Yum! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://www.northwindprints.com/image/473/5882775/5882775_600_600_86572_0_fill_0_a1e5c378cc6a3966a089e10d32acafe2.jpg.webp">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A political cartoon about the Packingtown meat crisis] The Federal Food and Drug Administration passes the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906, making processed meat more safe for the public, calming the fears of your family. Throughout those years, so much fear and chaos has grown throughout the community. How can the necessity of quality food be denied to the majority of people? You are sad to say good-bye to the family when the four years have passed, you have gone through so much together. Little Jenny is crying at your arms. You feel guilty leaving your family, but you know you belong back home. Onto the next journey! (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Go to the third and final stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) [(text-colour:black)[(text-style:"bold","italic","emboss","expand","tall","buoy")[(text-colour:#5c940d)[C](text-colour:#a61e4d)[O](text-colour:#0b7285)[N](text-colour:#5c940d)[G](text-colour:#a61e4d)[R](text-colour:#0b7285)[A](text-colour:#5c940d)[T](text-colour:#a61e4d)[U](text-colour:#0b7285)[L](text-colour:#5c940d)[A](text-colour:#a61e4d)[T](text-colour:#0b7285)[I](text-colour:#5c940d)[O](text-colour:#a61e4d)[N](text-colour:#0b7285)[S](text-colour:#5c940d)[,] ]]] time traveler on passing the second level! Only one more to pass before you are home. From this journey, you have seen the growth of a large superhouse industry, with meat being produced at such large rates and connecting all of America through the Transatlantic Railroad. Here, you explored a dark side of meat culture: the first is that farmers have lost huge amounts of money to the big powerhouses that are meat factories, making all meat prices increase. When before, meat was available to everyone, even those of the lowest class, now meat is a luxury for the working class. Fresh meat, the healthiest meat, from local farms is especially rare and is reserved to the richer people. The second is that when meat is not coming from the farmer directly to the butcher, lots of chemicals are added, making meat more dangerous to the public. The third is that such a massive industry was able to become this large only through the exploitation of millions of people. The Union Stock Yards would be nowhere near as productive had it not been for the abuse placed on its workers. Meat nourished many, but it also left many starving. You’re almost back home, you just have to get through the next stage. Best of luck! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExMXhueDI4djY3Y3Fub3V2ZGpiNHpnNXh6ZzE5bmR6Nzh3d2QyeWFxZCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/JfppG7EMaz5m8Vt9uZ/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: You are traveling! Crazy](text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Let's begin the third stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) The butcher hands you two pounds of delicious beef. You are so thankful and eager to see the family’s faces when they see this meat! You learn that beef is currently the most common meat available as there are abundant cattles in the West and therefore is the cheapest meat available. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExa3Fra3BmeGZvMmVlZmZnaHY5eGl3bWFlbHV4dmRwcW9jMXViZDFhdiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/3f0Z5TqK4OWmoUh3L7/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The local town's butcher, Mr. Stipes "See you next time," the Butcher tells you!] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/31/c6/60/31c660d3c6d55687a580462ea2ef053b.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A cast iron oven, found in most households at this time] You begin cooking a bit of the meat over the cast iron oven, placing coals to create a fire. The beef turns out delicious! You serve it alongside rice, corn, and a loaf of bread. During tea-time (you learn that is the word for dinner), the entire family is happy and you can tell their energies have gone up! ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/8a/55/d9/8a55d9ac10548ec038c2c66f09039e05.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Upton Sinclair's //The Jungle//, a novel exposing working conditions at Packingtown, causing uproar across the nation that eventually lead to federal regulations on meat] And then two years later, muckraker Upton Sinclair’s novel //The Jungle// is published and the talk of the town is about how disgusting the packaged meat from Packingtown is: they’re selling spoiled meat, rat feces are combined in some processed meat, and unknown chemicals are sprayed. The entire country is in full outrage. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[Do you continue buying meat for the family?" [[Yes, we need meat to survive and we've already been eating this meat!]] [[No, I don't feel comfortable!]] [[Yes, but only from a local farmer's market even if it is more expensive.]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) You received two pounds of offal-cut pork. You will decide to cook half of this meat for dinner as the family hasn’t had meat in over a month! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExa3Fra3BmeGZvMmVlZmZnaHY5eGl3bWFlbHV4dmRwcW9jMXViZDFhdiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/3f0Z5TqK4OWmoUh3L7/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The local town's butcher, Mr Stipes. "See you next time," the Butcher tells you!] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/31/c6/60/31c660d3c6d55687a580462ea2ef053b.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A cast iron oven, most popular during this time] However, offal meat takes forever to cook, and it is harder to tell when it is done because you are not used to it. You use the cast iron oven to its best ability, but your meat is not cooked that well. You serve it alongside rice, corn, and green beans. Unfortunately, the pork you bought was contaminated with salmonella, and your distasteful cooking gave yourself and the family fevers, nausea, and joint pains for a while. You eventually learn that processed meat is much more dangerous than local meat because there are more animals at the factories, increasing the risk for contaminated meat. You become paranoid after this and let the mother cook the meat after this! ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/8a/55/d9/8a55d9ac10548ec038c2c66f09039e05.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Upton Sinclair's //The Jungle//, a novel exposing working conditions at Packingtown, causing uproar across the nation that eventually lead to federal regulations on meat] Two years later, muckraker Upton Sinclair’s novel //The Jungle //is published, confirming the harms of factory-meat. The talk of the town is about how disgusting the packaged meat from Packingtown is: they’re selling spoiled meat, rat feces are combined in some processed meat, and unknown chemicals are sprayed. The entire country is in full outrage. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[Do you continue buying meat for the family?" [[Yes, we need meat to survive and we've already been eating this meat!]] [[No, I don't feel comfortable!]] [[Yes, but only from a local farmer's market even if it is more expensive.]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media1.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExNTVxcWd6OHgzNWliYWl0ZGF4dmI0dzc5d3luMnZrdjJnY2c1MjgwaiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/PKrxyac6XWsKCBE18O/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The interviewer... he is a little scary] You meet with an interviewer who, after a harsh examination, tells you to begin work first thing tomorrow morning at 6am. "You seem in good enough shape. Come back here at exactly six to find where we will put you." You are rushed out of the line and the person behind you follows. You find an empty small room apartment in The Back of the Yards, where the majority of the workers live. It is dirty, overcrowded, and humid. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://www.chipublib.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2014/01/CCW-41-20-Exchange-Avesm.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Busy streets of Packingtown] You wake up before dawn, and meet with the boss. It is very overcrowded, there are more than 10,000 workers, with the majority of them being Poles, Czechs, Lithuanians, Slovaks, Black Americans, and Mexicans. Many factories employ immigrants because they are the easiest to exploit without any trouble: for the workers here, they are faced with the fear of being instantly replaced or being overworked just for a small wage. Your boss tells you to go to work as a… (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Meat-cutter in the sausage room.]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Meat carrier.]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Meat seasoner.]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Animal caretaker.]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/66/c7/2b/66c72b2a66c14a7494d4a1d9948094f1.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Sheep being taken into Packingtown] Your job is to carry the packaged meat and load it into a refrigerated truck that will go to every place in the US. This job is extremely damaging to the body. The first weeks leave your body with an ache! Carrying a hundred pounds of meat for ten hours with one little break is extremely rough to adjust to: standing pretty much the whole time, running back and forth from places, getting meat stains stuck on your work clothes, having very sore arms all the time and still having to get by through. The conditions are just awful. The bosses could not care less if you live or die, if you are sick and tired, you are just a product. The 50 cents an hour wages do not compensate enough for the work you put in. You can barely buy anything. If you are caught slacking, you are easily fired because so many people are willing to work here. In addition, disease is rampant here because pollution is prominent and live animals in the sheds or dead animals will spread unfavorable bacteria. Even if you build stamina up for carrying these heavy things, your decreasing health makes it hard to keep up. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Let's explore what life is like after your daily ten-hour shifts]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/51/7f/65/517f658f401a84e810fc1702fcf91a31.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Workers seasoning and cutting meat in the assembly line] Your job is to season processed meat so that it is ready for being cut up and delivered. This job is one of the grossest ones. With so much meat being produced and not enough space, loads of it end up on the dirty floor, where dirt, sweat, and feces from mongering rats pile up. It is very manual, harsh work carrying pounds of meat and carefully mixing in preservatives and other spieces. The smell of the meat is overbearing and nauseating, and it lingers with you wherever you go! On top of that, your hands become extremely smelly and contaminated with whatever bacteria is growing there even with wearing gloves. The water supply quality that is used to add to the mixtures is heavily contaminated with bacteria from all the animals around the area. The conditions are just awful: the rooms are dirty and hot, the wages are not adequate for living, and your coworkers have their life drained out of them, all for meat. Workers are easily replaced for small inconveniences, with bosses not caring whether you live or die: to them, they are not human. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Let's explore what life is like after your daily ten-hour shifts]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/b4/2d/9e/b42d9e484cb0daee1f6b332eaa88393f.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Cutters of Packingtown during early 20th century!] Your job is to slice sausages using an electrical machine. Millions of other cutters work on various types of meat, like bacon or chicken. This job is a hard one and risky one. The first weeks are the roughest to adjust to: standing motionless, handling pungent meat full of bacteria, putting all your weight on your feet for 10 hours a day, standing in a damp, moist room that is nearly dark, having to be as energetic from your first hour to your last so you don't get fired... Standing so tirelessly doing the same thing over and over again can drive anyone crazy. Working in an assembly line with fast-moving machinery is very dangerous, and it is not rare to see people's skin hurt or fingers cut off. The conditions are incredibly awful: the rooms are neglected and crowded, with meat being stored on the floor, the wages are tiny --significantly below a living wage--, and your coworkers have their life drained out of them, all for meat. The bosses do not care one bit about you. You have no safety net. Workers are easily replaced for small inconveniences, with bosses not viewing them as people at all. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Let's explore what life is like after your daily ten-hour shifts]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/66/c7/2b/66c72b2a66c14a7494d4a1d9948094f1.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Sheep being taken into Packingtown] Your job is to take care of animals in the slaughterhouse. There are chickens, cows, pigs, turkeys, lambs, etc. This job is one of the more difficult ones. The first weeks are the roughest to adjust to: having to watch sickly, lifeless animals get taken to their doom, having to deal with the bacteria and disease animals in close quarters carry, having to deal with manure and fowl smells, having to carry pounds of food, having to say goodbye to the animals. It is a very painful experience that is heavy on the heart and the body. The conditions are incredibly awful: the rooms are neglected, with you and your fellow workers having to deal in incredibly unsanitary and overcrowded rooms, the wages are tiny --significantly below a living wage--, and your coworkers have their life drained out of them, all for meat. The bosses do not care one bit about you. You have no safety net. Any harm that comes from this job is disregarded by them. Workers are easily replaced for small inconveniences, with bosses not viewing them as people at all. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Let's explore what life is like after your daily ten-hour shifts]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) By this point, your whole life revolves around meat. You work for meat, and then you come back to your home in the back of the yards and have to worry about what to eat for dinner. Most days you eat some rice and a piece of bread. Many workers live so close to the factory that they still smell the meat inside their homes, being unable to escape it. Based on the wages they live by, it is hard to be able to buy good quality fruits and vegetables and often eat the meat in the factories. Living in the city means a lack of access to farmers producing fresh meat and produce. You are faced with a dilemma: you know you need meat to keep your nutrition levels up, but knowing how disgusting the process is, you feel unsafe eating it. Come on: rotten beef has chemicals poured over it to make it edible, loads of dirt and sweat is mixed into every meat, old sausages have borax and glycerine to make it last, rat feces are prominent everywhere, and the water used in the meat process is not clean at all. You are also around it all day, so the smell is traumatic and unappetizing. What do you do in this situation? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Eat meat during my break and for dinner]] [[I'd rather just continue eating my rice and save up for quality meat]] [[I'd rather just quit the job that is slowly killing me]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Eating this meat improves your stamina and allows you to be more aware of your surroundings, protecting you from the sharp machinery around you. Despite it being disgusting and getting you sick every now and then, it is more important to eat this than nothing at all. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/cf/31/d2/cf31d21780084c72ef9b7aaf7e336d13.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: One of the many labor union strikes that occurred, fighting for liveable working, health, and financial conditions] These four years went so slowly, with a health that is permanently damaged and eyes that have seen so much sadness and darkness. For some people, meat is the heart of life. It gives them energy. For you (who knew you would be able to leave this place after four years) and all the people of Packingtown, meat drained lives. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/8a/55/d9/8a55d9ac10548ec038c2c66f09039e05.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Upton Sinclair's //The Jungle//] What kills Packingtown workers the most is that when The Jungle by Upton Sinclair was published (a book describing the awful exploitation of immigrant workers in Packingtown) the general public did not seem to care about the workers’ conditions, only about what went down in their stomachs. The government did not care either. You will be surprised to know that this factory did not shut down until 1971. You are glad to leave this horrific place, but feel absolutely gutted to know that even in your modern world, many people working in meat factories are still being exploited like this. (text-colour:black)[[Go to the third and final stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Without eating anything substantial, you start becoming light headed and more weak. Because of this, when you are working, the chances of you hurting yourself physically or by contracting a disease increase greatly, decreasing your work stamnia and more importantly your spirits. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/2e/51/97/2e519798e0827aea14741409265739af.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The sewers around Packingtown that are contaminated and a health hazard] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/bf/31/1a/bf311ad422227ac462e9c859ea5bdd06.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The effect of pollution on Packingtown] This deteriorating health is not something that you escape after work either. With the growing pollution around you, clean water and air are not available inside your home. The lack of access to healthcare and fresh food is basically fiction by now. This unhealthy lifestyle eventually leads to your death, as is the case for so many workers. For some people, meat is the heart of life. It gives them energy. For the people of Packingtown, meat drained lives. You have unfortunately DIED. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[ Return to the beginning]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Quitting a job knowing your source of income will be shattered takes a lot of courage. For many workers, they are simply stuck in this position because it is hard to find another job. (align:"=><=")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/2e/ec/5d/2eec5d4f3bd89ec83b8ec741fa312877.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The outskirts of Packingtown you are leaving behind!] You did not really think this through. While your health and spirits grew from escaping this job, you lost your home in the back of the yards and have little money to buy food with. You find out that finding another job is extremely hard, especially with all the diseases you have going on inside you. You will unfortunately die due to not being able to buy food. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[ Return to the beginning]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media2.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExYndueHRqYzQ3aTB0amI2dzQ4aWJxOWRleXllZnk3Mnk2enVwdDM1YSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/zfzGvnm6cudCkRZn1T/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Yummy dinner!] This meal is unimaginable! There is pork cooked to the perfection, seasoned with nutmeg, cinnamon, and salt. There are fresh greens, stew, bread, and crisp water as well. The dinner lasted over an hour, and your belly is very happy. Every night for dinner, Angelene cooks incredibly heartfilling meals with every course having meat. So much meat! Over the next few weeks, the couple decides to make you run their errands because they are old and you are staying at their house for free. They tell you to buy meat every week. What is your go-to place for buying meat? [(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Buying from a local farmer an hour walks away]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Buying from the meat shop a two minutes walk away]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/04/8a/60/048a605cab454ed058a251f464d774f1.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A typical meat market of the late 19th century typical looked like this one here] This is a decent choice, it means you can buy more meat without worrying about how heavy your arms will get on the way back. You arrive at the meat shop and see such a variety of meat! The meat comes from the factories of Packingtown, Chicago. Compared to the local farmers' meat, this is much more cheaper and accessibile. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media1.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExYjhpYnR1dWdweWN6dGt1bmV6eTY1enlxaDZodzMwZjBkbWZ2NDAwciZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/3f0Z5TqK4OWmoUh3L7/giphy.webp">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Mr. Stipes, the local butcher is waving goodbye] Now let's spend all their money... You buy 10 pounds of pork, 40 sausages, 15 pounds of processed beef, and some chicken for today. The walk back home is a little heavy, but thank goodness it’s only two minutes. Angelene cooks a wonderful dinner: pork stew with fried chicken, mutton, and for dessert a sweet chocolate pudding! You store the excess meat in wooden barrels filled with salt and cold water, and every day you have the luxury of eating meat! However, somehow every now and then one member of this ‘family’ gets sick with E. Coli. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/8a/55/d9/8a55d9ac10548ec038c2c66f09039e05.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Upton Sinclair's //The Jungle//] And then two years later, muckraker Upton Sinclair’s //The Jungle// is published and the talk of the town is about how disgusting the packaged meat is: they’re selling spoiled meat, rat feces are combined in some processed meat, and unknown chemicals are sprayed. The entire country is in full outrage, so the newly created Food and Drug Administration passes the Pure Food and Drug Act, which regulates food additives and prohibits misleading labeling of food and drugs. Thank goodness your household could afford the local, non-processed food! These four years have gone by so quickly, and you have enjoyed all your meals, even though //The Jungle// freaked you out a bit. You pretty much did nothing. You are sad to leave, but your true home still awaits! One more stop and then you will go home! (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Go to the third and final stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Wonderful choice! These local butcher shops that get their meat from independent farmers are rarer each day due to the growing power of big businesses wiping out these mom-and-pop stores. The walk to the local farm is an hour away, but what does that matter when you can enjoy nature? Okay well, it is very exhausting… (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The welcoming Butcher, Mr. Stipes] You step inside the butcher shop! "Hello, my precious pearl," the Butcher says. You are a little disgusted with the meat everywhere. But, you know exactly what your order is: Several chicken thighs, fried chicken pieces, seven pounds of beef, and three large porks cut into small pieces –Bill and Angelene can afford paying extra for these pieces, abuse their fortune! Now you won’t have to walk this walk until next month! Angelene cooks a wonderful dinner: pork stew with fried chicken, mutton, and for dessert a sweet chocolate pudding! Angelene is on the older side and asks that you help with storing the meat from now on. What do you do with the excess meat to keep it fresh each month, seeing as refrigeration did not exist until the 1910s? (text-colour:black)[[Rub it with salt and place it in a wooden barrel filled with water]] (text-colour:black)[[Put the meat in glass jars and put it cold water]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoELuCvKHYjco2DHPxd3wmoiSYc1FBwXSw99X4Qlk34i-_3GpwIBUbqmQGljBwdhH2PEOwkEARVppSOo5mTmoUQ9nJjql33ICk9wR01lvYUBE97OiO9UP-ZZ9FtcJR91D_1-gHO026GysM/s400/IMG_0069.JPG">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The brining process is even used today!] This is a very common process known as brining. This works because the moist and salt keeps dangerous organisms from growing! The next four years go by so quickly, by the end of it you are too happy to even consider leaving. But alas, you have to go. One more stop until we are home! The next four years go by so quickly, you are so comfortable. By the end of it you are too happy to even consider leaving. You were spoiled endlessly, unlike the meat you ate. From this experience, you have learned how the value of meat has shifted from mainly everyone being able to gain access to quality meat to now only the upper classes being able to get the safest meat available. The rest of the people get the processed meat that tends to be more dangerous to consume. One more stop until we are home! (text-colour:black)[[Go to the third and final stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://tynerpondfarm.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Raw-Pack-Grass-fed-Beef-800x535.webp">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The canning process is even used today!] This is the process known as canning. However, you have to make sure the top of the jar is sealed shut with wax and be placed in boiling water. Since you keep doing this, the meat will not be fresh when eating and you and the elderly couple will DIE from Trichinosis, a common disease caused by eating spoiled meat. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[ Return to the beginning]]

(align:"=><=")[(text-colour:black)[(text-style:"bold","italic","emboss","expand","tall","buoy")[Rise of Modern Meat Culture ]]](enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Hello, time traveler. Welcome to your final destination. You are so close to home! You have arrived in the 1940s during World War II, tragedy has plagued all across the world. Meat culture by this time will be the rationing system, the rise of grocery stores, and the growth of poverty. This time, your time of travel was a lot quicker than anticipated, so you did not have time to put in your coordinates to land exactly where you wanted to. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media0.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExdTIwNjF3NmwxMWFqY3Foejl4YXV2eXJoYmhicXk5dmpvY28yODZ6cyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/BDCRGjDRhIThDqT2UP/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Your three choices!] You land on a plain, with the location unknown. All you see is miles and miles of endless road. Look, there are some people, and in the far distance the face of the Piggly Wiggly logo. Yay, people! One is wearing a slightly fashionable overall with a knitted flower on the side and a farmer’s hat. The other is wearing a gingham apron. The last one is wearing a simple green uniform. In your head, you pick a number to represent each person. One (overalls), two (green uniform), and three (gingham apron). You ''choose'' one because it is your favorite number. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[(link:"Walk up to the fashionable farmer")[“Hiya, wandering traveler.” The man in the overalls said. “Why do you look so confused?” Reluctantly, you tell him your eight year journey trying to find your way back home. You ask him where you are and what is happening. “So you are just like little Dorothy! That is incredible. Well, the year is 1941. We are at war right now, so farming has changed a bit this past year. Me, I am not a citizen so I was not forced to go to war. I’ve been tending the barren land here with a couple of my friends." The farmer is a bragger so he tells you his story of success and gold: “Well, I’ve kind of become rich because of this war. See, we have started using Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) style farming. We basically follow what the factories have been doing and confine all our livestock and feed them purchased grass so we get more chubby animals and more products! It’s brilliant, genius even. I mean, we’ve no choice since all the men are on the battlefield and everyone’s moving to the city… and people need food. I’ve quadrupled all my meat and eggs. I love those chickens and hens, they’re making me rich.” (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[You have no choice but to stay with Mr. Joe]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media2.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExdmFrbDAyNnZyc3FldjhvaWE3NG13Y3h1bGI1eGw2dHk3dWpydWt3cSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/e52evjvnspZGWvn8SE/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: You and Mr. Joe] The farmer suggests you stay in a cabin in his farm, to which you agree because you have no choice really. It is decorated in chicken shrines. You later will discover that chickens became super popular during this time because they thrive the most in CAFO style farms and give the most products in the smallest amount of time. Mr. Joe and friends deliver their animal products to local grocery stores like Piggly Wiggly or send them off to shipments in large factories. That’s when they get all their money. These CAFO farms have made the price of meat ''significantly lower ''than before! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/abf3c44/2147483647/strip/true/crop/866x554+0+0/resize/880x563!/quality/90/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Flegacy%2Fsites%2Fkufm%2Ffiles%2F201507%2Fcattle-cafo-_flickr-sraproject-_cc-by-nc-nd-2_.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A CAFO farm in Montana, similar to Mr. Joe's farm. These types of farms have a lot more productivity than the family owned farms in the past] The next week, the farmer, Mr. Joe, puts you to work! 7 am sharp! The scene in the farm was quite sad to see: all these animals crowded together in such a small space, all these animals being overfed and overweight, all these animals having no chance of feeling the sunlight, all these animals living in filth. The war efforts have increased demands for meat and animal-related products, but seeing animals go through all that for a war makes your heart ache. After a year of tending these farms, you start getting eye irritation, nausea, and sometimes you can’t breathe. You think it is from the CAFO style farming. What do you do? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Stay in the farm and go to a doctor every week (Mr. Joe has the money)]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Escape in the night from Mr. Joe and his sad farm]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media2.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZHp6Nmlub3c0ZmtxZjZqdGIybjM2MnV3dTY0aXE0NmJyYWJhZTFndiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/QZd5SNsnbOb0o2XqZu/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: You are fleeing!] You pack your bags and flee like a shadow. Good choice. Had you stayed there, the dangerous environment (both from Mr. Joe’s strict attitude and the CAFOs releasing too much CO2 than you are used to) would have been more than your body could handle. While you wish you could have done something to help these animals, releasing them would have been more dangerous because they don’t know how to live outside. You step outside and see the wandering soldier and the gingham housewife coincidentally again. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExc29sOW81MW8ybDhjNXp3NHlsYzA1aGlmZjc1bTRmZnNhaXBwaWZpdyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/3uCO25Vsx6EL6Gn1p0/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Say hellooo] You need a home, who do you talk to? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[A returning soldier]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Gingham housewife]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/60/28/c6/6028c6a347bdc17165c0a10c4153f14e.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A modern CAFO farm] These visits from the doctor will unfortunately not work. CAFO farms create horrible damage to the environment, polluting nearby waters and damaging the air quality. You will unfortunately DIE from these conditions because you are not used to these harmful conditions at such a large quantity. Even today, CAFO farms are extremely toxic. (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[ Return to the beginning]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) “Mmm yes dear, what is the matter?” You, once again tell someone your entire life story, to which she says, “You ought to stay around my home. I have got two babies, so it will be crowded.” (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media1.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExcnVldTcxZ3Z0ZmRiczJ2amN0N3V5aWg5Znl3eWZoOHRheWhkczhpaiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/WnJT4OIa5QaWhM21Wz/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: You, Marina, Mani, and baby Reni] The house, it is small. It smells of ginger, spice, everything nice. You are told your bed is a wooden log near the fireplace. The lady’s name is Marina and she has two young children: Mani and Reni. “Dear heavens, you look so ill. Let me make you something to eat.” She opens her //refrigerator// to give you options on what food you would prefer. She will of course be cooking this on her new //electrical// stove. What do you want to eat? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Meatloaf]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Spam]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Chicken pot pie]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) The soldier looks worried for you. You look so shocked! “Hello there, what is going on?” You, once again tell him your entire life story, and he says, “I have not got much to help. But you are welcome to come stay with me and my mother.” (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExMHY0aTl2NXlyeHcyaTE2MnJpb2RxdHl3N3Bxa3Ntb2hsMmYxMGNibSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/dpiosuN6iANbzZIdAM/giphy.gif ">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: You, Katherine, and Kyle] You are taken to a little apartment decorated with floral prints. It’s very warm and cozy. Look, they have refrigerators now! The mother, Katherine, and her army son, Kyle, tell you about their life story: “My little hero is part of the Tuskegee Airmen crew. They’re one of the most successful, so I’m relieved every time he can come home. Times are tough for him and for me back home. It’s so hard finding food with the rationing system.” You later learn about the inequalities of the rationing system. Minority-majority communities like this town in Tennessee have limited access to grocery stores and markets and therefore experience higher food insecurity, so when there is a rationing system in place, they get even less food now. “It’s really difficult to find food that is of good quality: greens that haven’t gone brown, meat that has not been spoiled. If we want some meat that’s good, the prices are too high. Where are we supposed to get our food? It is quite a stressor.” ---------------------------------------------------------------------- After talking, the mother offers you some dinner. Cooking is a lot easier now that there are //electrical// //ovens// and //refrigerators//. What do you want to eat? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Meatloaf!]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Spam!]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Chicken pot pie!]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/b2/af/6b/b2af6bd1419bb87189fad23393e48016.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A spam advertisement from the 1940s] With the rise of grocery stores in urban, suburban, and rural areas comes the birth of canned goods, like Spam! It’s a slab of pork and ham that is cheap, quick to make, and can be used for anything! That is incredible. Spam was also important to soldiers out on the battlefield as it was easy to transport directly to each soldier. Yummy! ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The next three years are full of worries about the war. You have obtained a job as a welder at a nearby factory. With your income, you provide to your family as much as you can. One day, you are going to the local Piggly Wiggly’s! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://historic-memphis.com/biographies/pigglywiggly/piggly-wiggly-2-1916.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The first Piggly Wiggly, in Memphis, TN] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[(link:"Let’s use your ration card and learn how it works.")[ Essentially, you are given a book of stamps for each kind of product that can only be used for a certain period of time. Once you run out of stamps for a certain product, you can no longer buy them. You will present your stamp to the cashier and they will take the stamp from you. It is important to not over buy what is not needed. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/12/d8/25/12d8253440537ad691526a9158e494b0.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Instructions of how to use your rationing stamps] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/54/dd/83/54dd831dbcd5424a7264710884c67c48.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Rationing stamps are given to you every certain amount of time. They are organized by type of food. Once you run out, you can't buy that item again. Chicken and fish are the only meat not rationed] As long as you and your family use them precisely, you will survive! The three years go by quite slowly and solemnly, and while you know the outcome of the war, it is tragic living through it. Oh, look, the clock is saying it’s time to go home! (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[NEXT.]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.etsystatic.com/13939774/r/il/c3fd84/4184295225/il_fullxfull.4184295225_7xb5.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A picture of a chicken decoration, showing how worshipped chickens are to this era] As you learned from Mr. Joe, chickens have begun to dominate the world of meat because they grow quickly in the CAFO farms and bring both meat and eggs. Fish and chickens were not rationed during the war time, so people’s obsession with chickens has grown! Fried chicken, rice and chicken, the meals go on!! Chicken pot pie is a fantastic way to get many nutrients in a different way. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The next three years are full of worries about the war. You have obtained a job as a welder at a nearby factory. With your income, you provide to your family as much as you can. One day, you are going to the local Piggly Wiggly’s! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://historic-memphis.com/biographies/pigglywiggly/piggly-wiggly-2-1916.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The first Piggly Wiggly, in Memphis, TN] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[(link:"Let’s use your ration card and learn how it works.")[ Essentially, you are given a book of stamps for each kind of product that can only be used for a certain period of time. Once you run out of stamps for a certain product, you can no longer buy them. You will present your stamp to the cashier and they will take the stamp from you. It is important to not over buy what is not needed. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/12/d8/25/12d8253440537ad691526a9158e494b0.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Instructions of how to use your rationing stamps] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/54/dd/83/54dd831dbcd5424a7264710884c67c48.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Rationing stamps are given to you every certain amount of time. They are organized by type of food. Once you run out, you can't buy that item again. Chicken and fish are the only meat not rationed] As long as you and your family use them precisely, you will survive! The three years go by quite slowly and solemnly, and while you know the outcome of the war, it is tragic living through it. Oh, look, the clock is saying it’s time to go home! (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[NEXT.]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/c7/ce/88/c7ce881a9f922da3277c647ae285c672.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A Campbell advertisement from the 1940s] Excellent choice! Now meatloaf has become very popular in recent years due to it being a cheap way to make use of meat. It started during the Great Depression as a way to use up scraps of meat. Now, because of the rations limiting meat use, meatloaf has become a staple meal for many households to enjoy together. So delicious! ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The next three years are full of worries about the war. You have obtained a job as a welder at a nearby factory. With your income, you provide to your family as much as you can. One day, you are going to the local Piggly Wiggly’s! (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://historic-memphis.com/biographies/pigglywiggly/piggly-wiggly-2-1916.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The first Piggly Wiggly, in Memphis, TN] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[(link:"Let’s use your ration card and learn how it works.")[ Essentially, you are given a book of stamps for each kind of product that can only be used for a certain period of time. Once you run out of stamps for a certain product, you can no longer buy them. You will present your stamp to the cashier and they will take the stamp from you. It is important to not over buy what is not needed. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/12/d8/25/12d8253440537ad691526a9158e494b0.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Instructions of how to use your rationing stamps] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/54/dd/83/54dd831dbcd5424a7264710884c67c48.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Rationing stamps are given to you every certain amount of time. They are organized by type of food. Once you run out, you can't buy that item again. Chicken and fish are the only meat not rationed] As long as you and your family use them precisely, you will survive! The three years go by quite slowly and solemnly, and while you know the outcome of the war, it is tragic living through it. Oh, look, the clock is saying it’s time to go home! (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[NEXT.]]]]

#[(text-colour:black)[(text-style:"bold","italic","emboss","expand","tall","buoy")[(text-colour:#ae3ec9)[C](text-colour:#0ca678)[O](text-colour:#e8590c)[N](text-colour:#e03131)[G](text-colour:#5c940d)[R](text-colour:#ff6b6b)[A](text-colour:#99e9f2)[T](text-colour:#84f)[U](text-colour:#ffd93b)[L](text-colour:#82c91e)[A](text-colour:#3b5bdb)[T](text-colour:#f08c00)[I](text-colour:#d6336c)[O](text-colour:#ffd8a8)[N](text-colour:#1071c2)[S](text-colour:#ff6b6b)[!](text-colour:#fcc419)[! ] ]]](enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")[<img src="https://img1.picmix.com/output/stamp/normal/7/4/9/5/2095947_3bd8f.gif">] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/22/c2/52/22c252a85471eff8771786f610509557.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Look, there is everyone!] You have survived over a hundred years of meat culture. Throughout all of these eras, you have found that meat has always been vital towards American culture. It represents 'more opportunities' in the Colonial era, as every colonist could get access to meat (in comparison to England, where only the nobility ate meat in that amount). It represents capitalism at its worst, and with that the difference in social classes. It represents a necessity for people, something that brings people closer together during meal times, and something that can make people happy once they get it. Meat culture is a vital part of the United States! ---------------------------------------------------------------------- (link:"Works Cited")[Bienen, Leigh . “The Stockyards.” Florencekelley.northwestern.edu, 2012, florencekelley.northwestern.edu/historical/stockyards/. Black, Neal. Animal Health: A Century of Progress. Choi, Leah. “Fast Food - Food Empowerment Project.” Food Empowerment Project, 2019, foodispower.org/access-health/fast-food/. Daniel, Carrie R, et al. “Trends in Meat Consumption in the USA.” Public Health Nutrition, vol. 14, no. 04, 12 Nov. 2010, pp. 575–583, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3045642/pdf/nihms-253312.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010002077. Griswold, Haille. “11 Popular Dishes from the ’50s That People Used to Eat.” Tasting Table, 30 July 2024, www.tastingtable.com/1629569/common-foods-50s-past/. Accessed 8 Nov. 2024. Haberman, Clyde. “Plant-Based Meat Has Roots in the 1970s.” The New York Times, 16 Feb. 2020, www.nytimes.com/2020/02/16/us/plant-based-meat-has-roots-in-the-1970s.html. Historic Memphis. “Piggly Wiggly-First Self-Service Grocery.” Historic-Memphis.com, 2024, historic-memphis.com/biographies/pigglywiggly/pigglywiggly.html. Accessed 15 Nov. 2024. Hurley, Andrew . “Industrial Pollution.” Chicagohistory.org, 2020, www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/638.html. Hybarger, Courtney. “Cooking in the 1800s (from Tar Heel Junior Historian) | NCpedia.” Ncpedia.org, 2009, www.ncpedia.org/culture/food/cooking-in-the-1800s. Illinois State University. “Packingtown.” ““In Meat We Trust” Traces How the Meat Industry Helped Shape US Identity.” LAist, 9 Dec. 2013, laist.com/shows/take-two/in-meat-we-trust-traces-how-the-meat-industry-helped-shape-us-identity. Accessed 8 Nov. 2024. Layson , Hana, and James Barrett. “The Jungle and the Community: Workers and Reformers in Turn-of-The-Century Chicago – Digital Collections for the Classroom.” The Newberry, 4 Nov. 2013, dcc.newberry.org/?p=14384. Lichtenstein, Grace. “Consumer Activists Urge Meat Boycott for April 1–7.” The New York Times, 17 Mar. 1973, www.nytimes.com/1973/03/17/archives/consumer-activists-urge-meat-boycott-for-april-17-children-pose.html. Lisa, Andrew. “History of America’s Meat-Processing Industry.” Stacker, 18 Aug. 2020, stacker.com/business-economy/history-americas-meat-processing-industry. Malatore, Tony . “The Rise of Butchertown: 1840 to 1920.” Emeryville Historical Society, 18 July 2023, emeryvillehistorical.org/centennial-essays/the-rise-of-butchertown-1840-to-1920/. Accessed 8 Nov. 2024. Meat and Bone. “Meatstory: What Happened to the Traditional Butcher Shop?” Meat N’ Bone, Meat N’ Bone, 14 Oct. 2020, meatnbone.com/blogs/the-clever-cleaver/history-what-happened-to-the-traditional-butcher-shop?srsltid=AfmBOopJ2q5wvOsmbZXzxM-4ZpSgGcZC54cBUuYXML46L0Tg9G0BQcnq. Accessed 8 Nov. 2024. Ogle, Maureen. In Meat We Trust : An Unexpected History of Carnivore America. Boton, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013. Olver, Lynne . “The Food Timeline: History Notes--Meals & Holiday Entertaining.” Www.foodtimeline.org, 2000, www.foodtimeline.org/foodfaq7.html. Packingtown Museum. “The People of the Stock Yards.” Packingtown Museum, www.packingtownmuseum.org/people-of-the-stock-yards. Pascal, Marie . “Life in the 50’S: Food!” Retro Dee’s Guide to the Best Era Ever, 30 June 2018, retrodee.wordpress.com/2018/06/30/life-in-the-50s-food/. Peterat, Linda. “Cook Stove Revolution of the 1800s.” The British Columbia Food History Network, 9 July 2019, bcfoodhistory.ca/cookstove-revolution-1800s/. Rutigliano, Isabella. “Wayside Market.” Wayside Market, 15 June 2020, www.southoldwaysidemarket.com/thebutchersblock/the-meat-supply-chain-part-i-the-death-of-butchering. Accessed 8 Nov. 2024. Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. 1906. New York, Doubleday, Jabber, and Co., 2020. Teach Democracy. “The Jungle: Muckraking the Meat-Packing Industry.” Teachdemocracy.org, Aug. 2008, teachdemocracy.org/online-lessons/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-24-1-b-upton-sinclairs-the-jungle-muckraking-the-meat-packing-industry-4. Teicholz, Nina. “How Americans Got Red Meat Wrong.” The Atlantic, 2 June 2014, www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/06/how-americans-used-to-eat/371895/. Texas Tech University. A History of the Meat Industry ANSC 3404 PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MEAT SCIENCE ASSOCIATION. University of Washington. “Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest.” Washington.edu, 2021, www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Classroom%20Materials/Curriculum%20Packets/Homesteading/Documents/Price%20of%20Goods.html. Winship, Scott , and Thomas O’Rourke. “Family Dinners Offer a Silver Lining in a Bleak Social Capital Landscape.” Institute for Family Studies, 12 Mar. 2024, ifstudies.org/blog/family-dinners-offer-a-silver-lining-in-bleak-social-capital-landscape. Youssi, Adam . “On the Susquehannocks: Natives Having Used Baltimore County as Hunting Grounds – Historical Society of Baltimore County.” Historical Society of Balitmore County, 31 May 2012, hsobc.org/2012/05/31/on-the-susquehannocks-natives-having-previously-used-what-is-now-baltimore-county-as-hunting-grounds/. ]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white))\ (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/c7/ce/88/c7ce881a9f922da3277c647ae285c672.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A Campbell advertisement from the 1940s] Excellent choice! Now meatloaf has become very popular in recent years due to it being a cheap way to make use of meat. It started during the Great Depression as a way to use up scraps of meat. Now, because of the rations limiting meat use, meatloaf has become a staple meal for many households to enjoy together. So delicious! ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The next three years are full of worries about the war. With Kyle having to go back to war, it is a stressful situation every single day. You have obtained a job as a welder at a nearby factory. With your income, you help Katherine ease her worries. Though it's tough to find a grocery store that has good quality products, you eventually find one. You go to the local Piggly Wiggly’s to buy meat and other groceries. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://historic-memphis.com/biographies/pigglywiggly/piggly-wiggly-2-1916.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The first Piggly Wiggly, in Memphis, TN] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[(link:"Let’s use your ration card and learn how it works.")[ Essentially, you are given a book of stamps for each kind of product that can only be used for a certain period of time. Once you run out of stamps for a certain product, you can no longer buy them. You will present your stamp to the cashier and they will take the stamp from you. It is important to not over buy what is not needed. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/12/d8/25/12d8253440537ad691526a9158e494b0.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Instructions of how to use your rationing stamps] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/54/dd/83/54dd831dbcd5424a7264710884c67c48.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Rationing stamps are given to you every certain amount of time. They are organized by type of food. Once you run out, you can't buy that item again. Chicken and fish are the only meat not rationed] As long as you and your family use them precisely, you will survive! The three years go by quite slowly and solemnly, and while you know the outcome of the war, it is tragic seeing all these deaths around you. Luckily, Kyle has returned home! The war is done! Oh, look, the clock is saying it’s time to go home (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[NEXT.]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/b2/af/6b/b2af6bd1419bb87189fad23393e48016.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A spam advertisement from the 1940s] With the rise of grocery stores in urban, suburban, and rural areas comes the birth of canned goods, like Spam! It’s a slab of pork and ham that is cheap, quick to make, and can be used for anything! That is incredible. Spam was also important to soldiers out on the battlefield as it was easy to transport directly to each soldier. Yummy! ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The next three years are full of worries about the war. With Kyle having to go back to war, it is a stressful situation every single day. You have obtained a job as a welder at a nearby factory. With your income, you help Katherine ease her worries. Though it's tough to find a grocery store that has good quality products, you eventually find one. You go to the local Piggly Wiggly’s to buy meat and other groceries. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://historic-memphis.com/biographies/pigglywiggly/piggly-wiggly-2-1916.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The first Piggly Wiggly, in Memphis, TN] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[(link:"Let’s use your ration card and learn how it works.")[ Essentially, you are given a book of stamps for each kind of product that can only be used for a certain period of time. Once you run out of stamps for a certain product, you can no longer buy them. You will present your stamp to the cashier and they will take the stamp from you. It is important to not over buy what is not needed. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/12/d8/25/12d8253440537ad691526a9158e494b0.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Instructions of how to use your rationing stamps] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/54/dd/83/54dd831dbcd5424a7264710884c67c48.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Rationing stamps are given to you every certain amount of time. They are organized by type of food. Once you run out, you can't buy that item again. Chicken and fish are the only meat not rationed] As long as you and your family use them precisely, you will survive! The three years go by quite slowly and solemnly, and while you know the outcome of the war, it is tragic seeing all these deaths around you. Luckily, Kyle has returned home! The war is done! Oh, look, the clock is saying it’s time to go home (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[NEXT.]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.etsystatic.com/13939774/r/il/c3fd84/4184295225/il_fullxfull.4184295225_7xb5.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: A picture of a chicken decoration, showing how worshipped chickens are to this era] As you learned from Mr. Joe, chickens have begun to dominate the world of meat because they grow quickly in the CAFO farms and bring both meat and eggs. Fish and chickens were not rationed during the war time, so people’s obsession with chickens has grown! Fried chicken, rice and chicken, the meals go on!! Chicken pot pie is a fantastic way to get many nutrients in a different way. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The next three years are full of worries about the war. With Kyle having to go back to war, it is a stressful situation every single day. You have obtained a job as a welder at a nearby factory. With your income, you help Katherine ease her worries. Though it's tough to find a grocery store that has good quality products, you eventually find one. You go to the local Piggly Wiggly’s to buy meat and other groceries. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://historic-memphis.com/biographies/pigglywiggly/piggly-wiggly-2-1916.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The first Piggly Wiggly, in Memphis, TN] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[(link:"Let’s use your ration card and learn how it works.")[ Essentially, you are given a book of stamps for each kind of product that can only be used for a certain period of time. Once you run out of stamps for a certain product, you can no longer buy them. You will present your stamp to the cashier and they will take the stamp from you. It is important to not over buy what is not needed. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/12/d8/25/12d8253440537ad691526a9158e494b0.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Instructions of how to use your rationing stamps] (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://i.pinimg.com/736x/54/dd/83/54dd831dbcd5424a7264710884c67c48.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: Rationing stamps are given to you every certain amount of time. They are organized by type of food. Once you run out, you can't buy that item again. Chicken and fish are the only meat not rationed] As long as you and your family use them precisely, you will survive! The three years go by quite slowly and solemnly, and while you know the outcome of the war, it is tragic seeing all these deaths around you. Luckily, Kyle has returned home! The war is done! Oh, look, the clock is saying it’s time to go home (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[NEXT.]]]]

(align:"=><=")[(text-colour:black)[(text-style:"bold","italic","emboss","expand","tall","buoy")[ Can you survive American Meat culture? ]]](enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) Hello there. You may not know it, but you are a little time traveler! Your day is not very ordinary today, for today you have finally finished your life-defining masterpiece, a time machine that can return five seconds in the past so that if you made a tiny mistake, it could easily be fixed. It has taken years off of your life, and you are very excited to make your life better. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExeXVtbW9laGsxYnp2amJyMnBnbXBzM3Jwa3B3cDNqanUxNmV6enhlayZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/XaBkft5AYBJZFzhAQK/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: You and your fabulous time machine]Here is your time machine. Let’s try it out! Can we return five seconds in the past? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[(link:"Press here to go back in time five seconds") [[[Okay! I am super proud of this creation]] [[No! I have my doubts]]]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) [(text-colour:black)[(text-style:"bold","italic","emboss","expand","tall","buoy")[(text-colour:#fd7e14)[C](text-colour:#fa5252)[O](text-colour:#12b886)[N](text-colour:#fd7e14)[G](text-colour:#fa5252)[R](text-colour:#12b886)[A](text-colour:#fd7e14)[T](text-colour:#fa5252)[U](text-colour:#12b886)[L](text-colour:#fd7e14)[A](text-colour:#fa5252)[T](text-colour:#12b886)[I](text-colour:#fd7e14)[O](text-colour:#fa5252)[N](text-colour:#12b886)[S](text-colour:#fd7e14)[, ] ]]] time traveler!! You have survived the early beginnings of American meat culture. This was just the contexutalization, the next stage will be much more intense. Throughout this first stage, you have seen how meat is mainly tamed by farmers who raise the livestock and butchers who sell it on town markets. Because of the lack of technology and medicine, eating meat can be quite risky. The arrival of English colonists displaced the systems of meat placed by thousands of Native American tribes. Here, meat is seen as a symbol of dominance in America: the more meat people have roaming around, the more powerful they are. (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://media4.giphy.com/media/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExMXhueDI4djY3Y3Fub3V2ZGpiNHpnNXh6ZzE5bmR6Nzh3d2QyeWFxZCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw/JfppG7EMaz5m8Vt9uZ/giphy.gif">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: You are traveling! Crazy] The next time travel will take you to 100 years in the future to the 1880s. What are you waiting for? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Let's begin the second stage]]

(enchant:?page,(text-colour:black)+(bg:white)) (align:"=><=")+(box:"X")[<img src="https://portal-ccc.s3.amazonaws.com/media/images/uchicago/94/thumbs/sf2mw8h.jpg">](font: "El Messiri")+(align:"=><=")+(box:"X")+(t8n: "instant")+(t8n-delay: 0.8s)+(text-style:"bold")+(css: "font-size: large")[Above: The Back of the Yards, where many Packingtown workers lived due to the close proximity to the factory and the fact that it was cheaper than other places. Conditions are overcrowded, polluted, and dangerous] By this point, your whole life revolves around meat. You work for meat, and then you come back to your home in the back of the yards and have to worry about what to eat for dinner. Most days you eat some rice and a piece of bread. Many workers live so close to the factory that they still smell the meat inside their homes, being unable to escape it. Based on the wages they live by, it is hard to be able to buy good quality fruits and vegetables and often eat the meat in the factories. Living in the city means a lack of access to farmers producing fresh meat and produce. You are faced with a dilemma: you know you need meat to keep your nutrition levels up, but knowing how disgusting the process is, you feel unsafe eating it. Come on: rotten beef has chemicals poured over it to make it edible, loads of dirt and sweat is mixed into every meat, old sausages have borax and glycerine to make it last, rat feces are prominent everywhere, and the water used in the meat process is not clean at all. You are also around it all day, so the smell is traumatic and unappetizing. What do you do in this situation? (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[Eat meat during my break and for dinner]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[I'd rather just continue eating my rice and save up for quality meat]] (text-colour:black)+(bg:white)[[I'd rather just quit the job that is slowly killing me]]